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Articles and Books
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A Brief Introduction to Dozenal Counting
Prof. Gene Zirkel
Basics of base-twelve (dozenal) counting
11X3
db38206.pdf
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A History of the DSA
Prof. Gene Zirkel
The history of the DSA, in brief.
11E4
db49209.pdf
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Eggsactly a Dozen
Prof. James Malone
Basic introduction to dozenal counting, by means of eggs.
1191
db2610b.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA-ConversionRules.jpg)
Decimal-Dozenal Conversion Rules
Prof. Gene Zirkel
Rules for converting dozenal to decimal, integers and fractions, by hand.
11E1
DSA-ConversionRules.pdf
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Featured Figures: Basic Operations
Michael deVlieger
Dozenal addition and multiplication tables.
11E4
db49224.pdf
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Key Dozenal Fractions
Michael deVlieger
Pictures and graphs illustrating dozenal's unique fractional properties.
11E7
db4b224.pdf
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Manual of the Dozen System (MODS)
Dozenal Society of America
Basic introduction to dozenal mathematics; Churchman's metric system; tables.
1174
ManualOfTheDozenSystem1174-web.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA-MT.jpg)
Multiplication Tables of Various Bases
Michael deVlieger
Multiplication tables in bases (dozenal) 2-26, 28, 30, 34, and 50.
11EX
MultiplicationSynopsis.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA-SymbologySynopsis.jpg)
The DSA Symbology Synopsis
Michael deVlieger
A poster-sized synopsis of proposals for dozenal symbologies.
11E7
DSA-SymbologySynopsis.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4b20a0.jpg)
How Do You Pronounce Dozenals?
Prof. Gene Zirkel
The do-mo-gro system of dozenal nomenclature.
11E7
db4b20a.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4b1200.jpg)
The DozensOnline Forum Symbols Debate
Michael deVlieger
A debate on symbols from the DozensOnline forum.
11E6
db4b120.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4b1110.jpg)
A Numeral Toolbox
Michael deVlieger
Methods for divising numerals for non-decimal bases.
11E6
db4b111.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4a21a0.jpg)
Dozenal Mathematical Displays Using LaTeX
Donald P. Goodman III
A brief description of the LaTeX package "dozenal."
11E6
db4a21a.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4a2130.jpg)
Featured Figures: Symbology Overview
Michael deVlieger
Summarizes many dozenal and hexadecimal numeral systems.
11E6
db4a213.pdf
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Symbology Overview
Michael deVlieger
Summary of least-change dozenal symbologies.
11E6
db4a211.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4a2090.jpg)
Presenting...Symbology
Michael deVlieger
Introduction to DB Symbology issue, Vol. 4X Iss. 2.
11E6
db4a209.pdf
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The Opposed Principles
Ralph Beard
Article originally distinguishing "least change' and "separate identity" symbologies.
1161
db4a205.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4a1090.jpg)
A Dozenal Nomenclature
Dr. Owen B. Clayton
A proposed dozenal nomenclature.
11E5
db4a109.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db492070.jpg)
Going Classic
Dozenal Society of America
Discusses the return of the DSA to Dwiggins numerals, away from Bell.
11E4
db49207.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db272100.jpg)
Symbols, Symbols, !@#$%¢&*(!? Symbols
Prof. Gene Zirkel
Explains the temporary adoption of Bell numerals by the Duodecimal Bulletin.
1192
db27210.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4b2110.jpg)
Dozenal Home Primes
Prof. Jay Schiffman
An explanation of dozenal home primes.
11E7
db4b211.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4b1090.jpg)
On Maximal Repeating Sequence of Decimal Expansions in Base-Twelve
T. J. Gaffney
Exploring dozenal repeating fractions, especially sevenths.
11E6
db4b109.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db273090.jpg)
A Dozen Properties of the Number Twelve
Dozenal Society of America
Prof. Schiffman examines some number theoretical properties of the dozen.
1192
db27309.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db331160.jpg)
Music, Scales, and Dozens
Dr. John Impagliazzo
Some different musical scales and their dozenal bases.
119X
db33116.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db043r20.jpg)
Why Change?
Ralph Beard
Why our civilization should change to dozenal.
1164
db043r2.pdf
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Twelves and Tens
A. C. Aitken
Why dozenal is superior to decimal.
1179
DSA_aitken_twelves_tens.pdf
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An Excursion in Numbers
F. Emerson Andrews
Why dozens are a better base than decimal.
1152
DSA_andrews_excursion_numbers.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA-MyLoveAffair.jpg)
My Love Affair with Dozens
F. Emerson Andrews
How Andrews fell in love with dozenal.
1184
DSA-MyLoveAffair.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4a1130.jpg)
Reflections on the DSGB
Prof. Gene Zirkel
Some reflections on the Dozenal Society of Great Britain.
11E5
db4a113.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db323080.jpg)
DSA Constitution and Bylaws
Dozenal Society of America
The current Constitution and bylaws of the DSA.
1197
DSA-Constitution-ByLaws.pdf
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Dozenal Frequently Asked Questions
Michael deVlieger
A comprehensive explanation of the benefits of the dozenal base.
11E7
DSA-DozenalFAQs.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/db4a1170.jpg)
Some Notes on the History and Desirability of Using Alternate Number Bases in Arithmetic
Christopher J. Osburn
11E5
db4a117.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA-MultAnalysis10.jpg)
Analysis of Multiplication Tables
Michael deVlieger
Comparing the traits of various bases' multiplication tables.
11E7
DSA-MultAnalysis1.pdf
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Antipatio al Aritmetiko
Ralph Beard
Ralph Beard makes the case for dozenalism in Esperanto.
1171
antipatio.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/cover_aspirants_test.png)
The Aspirant's Tests
Dozenal Society of America
Tests for proficiency in the dozenal system.
DSA_aspirants_test.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/cover_tgmbook.png)
TGM: A Coherent Dozenal Metrology
Tom Pendlebury / Donald P. Goodman III
Description of the TGM complete dozenal system of weights and measures.
11E8
tgm.pdf
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Boxes & Cans: Some Points on Packaging
Troy
Dozenal's advantages in packaging
1193
DSA_boxes_cans_troy.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/leech_cover.png)
Dozens vs. Tens
Thomas Leech, F.C.S.
Defense of dozenal notation for arithmetic, weights, measures, and money.
10E6
leech_thomas_dozens_tens.pdf
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Dozenal Divisibility Tests Quick Guide
Treisaran
Dozenal divisibility tests
11E9
DSA_treisaran_div_tests.pdf
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Systems of Numeration: A Plea for the Duodecimal
Rev. Thomas J. A. Freeman, S.J.
An early plea for the adoption of the dozenal base.
1119
DSA_freeman_duodecimal.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA_number_rhyme_cover.png)
The Number Rhyme
Donald P. Goodman III
A simple rhyme teaching counting and the basic characteristics of number one to a dozen.
11E9
DSA_number_rhyme.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/RAENBO_cover_small.jpg)
RAENBO Dozenals
Timothy Travis
Travis' RAENBO system of dozenals.
11E9
DSA_RAENBO_all.pdf
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Duodenal System of Arithmetic, Measures, Weights and Coins
John William Nystrom
A defense of dozenal arithmetic and measurement, along with proposed symbols, nomenclature, and metrics.
1103
DSA_nystrom_duodenal_arith.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA_laplace_dozenal.png)
Laplace sur Douzainisme
Pierre-Simon Laplace
La systeme de la douzaine (la systeme duodecimale) en bref.
109X
DSA_laplace_dozenal.pdf
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Leclerc sur Douzainisme
Georges-Louise Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
Une morceau de Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, d'avantage de la douzaine dans arithmetique.
1041
DSA_leclerc_douzainisme.pdf
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Playfair on Dozenalism
John Playfair
An early English defense of the dozenal system.
1067
DSA_playfair_duodecimals.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/kode_sdn_cover.jpg)
Systematic Dozenal Nomenclature
John Kodegadulo
Systematic Dozenal Nomenclature
11EX
DSA_kodegadulo_sdn.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA_smith_william_tens_twelves_cover.jpg)
Twelve vs. Ten
William B. Smith
A brief, turn-of-the-century defense of the dozenal base.
1117
DSA_smith_william_tens_twelves.pdf
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A Rational Solution to the Problem of Weights and Measures
Sidney A. Reeve
A defense of the dozenal system from the perspective of a mechanical engineer.
1127
DSA_reeve_rational_solution.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA_brooks_philosophy_cover.png)
A Duodecimal Scale
Dr. Edward Brooks
A turn-of-the-century account of dozenal arithmetic and notation.
1104
DSA_brooks_philosophy_arithmetic.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/pujals_libro_cover.png)
Filosofia de la numeracion
D. Vicente Pujals de la Bastida
La superioridad de la doce como un base de la numeracion.
1098
pujals_de_la_bastida_filosofia_de_la_numeracion.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA_articulo_cover.png)
De la numeracion que debe preferirse.
D. Vicente Pujals de la Bastida
Cuya base debe elegir?
1098
DSA_pujals_excerpt_docena.pdf
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De Arithmetica
Ioannis Caramuelis (Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz)
Very early exposition of dozenal.
E48
DSA_lobkowitz_duodenaria.pdf
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Rationality
Donald Hammond ("Troy")
The role of ratios in weights and measures.
11X0
DSA_troy_rationality.pdf
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The Duodecimal System of Notation
L. H. Vincent
A simple, mostly verbal argument for dozenal.
1131
DSA_vincent_duodecimal.pdf
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Collected Works on Reckoning Reform
Sir Isaac Pitman
Collected works of Sir Isaac Pitman on the dozenal base.
10X8
DSA_pitman_collected.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA_troy_polygons_cover.png)
Practical Polygons
Donald Hammond ("Troy")
Numbers considered through polygons.
1196
DSA_troy_polygons.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/DSA_mathamerica_cover_0.png)
Mathamerica
Grover Cleveland Perry
A stridently patriotic argument in favor of dozenals from an interwar Protestant American viewpoint.
1149
DSA_mathamerica.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/spencer_against_metric_cover.png)
Against the Metric System
Herbert Spencer
A critique of the metric system (and the customary-imperial system) and a defense of dozenals.
1122
spencer_against_metric.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/gautier_la_zonnomie_cover.png)
La Zonnomie, ou La Décimale et la Duodécimale
A.-D. Gautier
Un explication de la système de douzainisme, avec des nouveaux chiffres et un système de mesure et d'argent.
10E0
gautier_la_zonnomie.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/revised_manual_dozenal_system_cover.png)
Manual of the Dozenal System
Dozenal Society of America
A short but thorough introduction to dozenals for those really interested in learning and using them.
1200
DSA_mods_rev.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/a_dozenal_primer_cover.png)
A Dozenal Primer
Dozenal Society of America
A brief explanation of the dozenal system designed for beginners, in only a dozen pages.
1200
DSA_primer.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/cover_encyclopaedia_londinensis.png)
The Duodenary Scale
John Wilkes, Ed.
An exploration of dozenal arithmetic and its advantages.
1078
DSA_encyc_londinensis.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/schiffman_personality_cover.png)
The Personality of the Integers from One to One Gross
Prof. Jay Schiffman
A scholarly, if brief, exploration of the major properties of the integers between 1 and 100.
11X3
DSA_schiffman_personality.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/cover_wray_dozenal.png)
Is the decimal system appropriate for modern mathematics?
Naomi Wray
Ms. Wray gives an excellent examination of the decimal base and its suitability for modern mathematics.
1202
wray_naomi_dozenal.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/cover_legranus_numeratione.png)
De Numeratione
Brennus Legranus
An erudite and stimulating article concerning the basis and nature of dozenal. In the original Latin.
1203
legranus_numeratione.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/cover_williams_duodecimal.png)
An Ancient Duodecimal System
Rufus P. Williams
A brief look at the "pure" ancient duodecimal system of measures, primarily in the relation between the foot, pint, and bushel.
1131
DSA_williams_ancient_duodecimal.pdf
![](../sites_bck/default/files/troy_trigons_cover.png)